These challenges include escalating material and freight costs, increased inventories, poor delivery performance, and rising capital costs driven by inflation and high interest rates. Additionally, technology disruptions such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the shift towards e-mobility are further complicating matters. Political risks stemming from unstable political situations, regulatory pressures, and sustainability concerns add to the complexity. Operating costs, including labor and energy expenses, are on the rise, alongside complexity costs driven by portfolio variance and technological diversification. Moreover, intensified competition, marked by the emergence of new competitors and business transformations, amplifies the challenges.